Pakistan is a South Asian country bordered by India, China, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Arabian Sea. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historical significance. The country’s capital is Islamabad, while Karachi is its largest city and economic hub. Pakistan has a wide variety of geographic features, from the towering peaks of the Himalayas and Karakoram ranges in the north, including K2 (the world’s second-highest mountain), to the vast deserts, fertile plains of the Indus Valley, and coastal areas in the south. Urdu is the national language, while English is widely used in government and education. Pakistan has a population made up of many ethnic groups and cultures, including Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, and Baloch. The country was founded in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims of the Indian subcontinent and has since grown into a nation with a significant role in regional politics. Its economy is based on agriculture, industry, and services, and it is known for its textile production, sports goods, and natural resources.