Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. It is renowned for its unique biodiversity, with over 90% of its wildlife found nowhere else on Earth, including lemurs, baobab trees, and colorful chameleons. The capital city is Antananarivo, which serves as the cultural and political heart of the country. Madagascar has a diverse landscape, ranging from rainforests and mountains to dry deserts and pristine beaches. The island’s population is made up of a mix of African and Austronesian heritage, and Malagasy is the national language, with French also widely spoken due to the country's colonial past. Agriculture, especially vanilla, coffee, and cloves, is a major part of the economy, alongside growing tourism. Despite its natural riches, Madagascar faces challenges such as poverty, deforestation, and limited infrastructure, but it remains a fascinating destination for eco-tourism and adventure seekers.